Python (Advanced) training course

 4. Exception Handling and the Call Stack

• Stack frames, the call stack, tracebacks and the pdb debugger
• Exception handling syntax and best practises
• Defining and raising exceptions

5. Modules, imports and namespaces

Import syntax variations * namespaces and variable lookups * sys.modules and the import cache * Module objects * Module level functionality: _dir_ and _getattr_ * Packages and the filesystem * Relative import syntax * Module reloading (how to do it and why not to do it) * Circular imports, avoiding and fixing * Executable modules and packages * importlib and __import__

6. Floating point, Unicode and regular expressions

• Strings and Unicode
• Encodings and character sets
• Handling structured text data with slicing
• Bytes
• Processing semi-structured data with regular expressions
• Test first with unittest
• Back tracking and greedy/non-greedy regular expressions

7. Concurrency

• The history of concurrency from AmigaOS to a multi-core world
• Python and the Global Interpreter Lock
• I/O bound and CPU bound tasks
• Threads and processes
• Async programming (green threading, coroutines)
• Concurrency with threads
• Concurrency with multiprocessing
• Looking to the future (Python 3.13): optional GIL (PEP 703) and subinterpreters (PEP 554) 

8. Testing with pytest

* virtual environments and pipenv (installing pytest) * pytest command line for collecting and running tests * Simple test functions and asserts * Test fixtures and conftest.py * Testing exceptions * Test parameterisation for test combinations * Test marking for running test subsets * Principles of testing (unit tests versus end to end testing, building test helpers etc) * mocking and patching

9. Networking

• The request response cycle
• HTTP requests
• The requests module
• Managing dependencies with pip and requirements.txt
• Making requests to a simple server
• The principles of building API clients
• TCP/UDP and lower level networking details

10. More Advanced Language Features ( Optional Additional Topics on Time Dependency ) 

• Context managers and resource management
• Class customisation through inheritance with __init_subclass__
• Lazy and eager algorithms: list comprehensions and generator expressions
• Descriptors and metaclasses